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塑料仍是重要材料 科技发展如何权衡环境

2023-02-20 15:19:33来源：化工仪器网 阅读量：6939

导读：目前塑料改性化工程面临的一个问题就是如何兼容塑料的稳定性同时使其对环境友好，降解和稳定性之间本身就存在一定的矛盾。
　　禁塑令的实施为我们的生活带来了巨大的改变，甚至一定程度上让以塑料袋为代表的的塑料制品慢慢的离开了我们的视线，但即便如此，塑料在我们生活中依旧十分常见，甚至客观的说，塑料仍是目前我们生活中无法替代的一种重要材料。也正因如此，塑料的背后其实涉及到复杂的科技发展难题，而如何权衡环境与经济，也将是未来很长一段时间内，以塑料为代表的相关材料寻求发展的一个重要课题。
 
　　这一点在工程塑料上体现的尤为明显。工程塑料简单的说就是应用在工业领域作机械结构材料的塑料，这类塑料材料强度、模量和耐磨损耐疲劳性韧性等参数都相对较高，并且具有良好的耐热性、耐腐蚀性、电绝缘性，可以在较为苛刻的化学、物理环境中长期使用。主要品种一般有聚酰胺、聚苯硫醚、聚碳酸酯等。事实上，在一些中高端消费产品中，也经常会用工程塑料来代替金属材料，从而在满足品质的同时轻量化产品，使得产品有着更加优秀的使用体验，例如相机、监听耳机。
 
　　从工业发展的角度来说，无论是仪器设备的需求，还是产品本身的需要，工程塑料的覆盖范围都不算小，但是因为加工工艺以及相关成本的限制，工程塑料的价格普标较高，产量也较小，并且相关产品报废之后的回收工作也很难针对性的展开。
 
　　而从市场发展的角度来说，目前全球工程塑料的行业市场规模呈现持续上涨趋势，这种趋势与大环境的改变有密切联系。目前全球范围内都在推动电动汽车、光伏发电等绿色经济产业的发展，而这些产业对于工程塑料的需求都比较大，巨大的市场商机也吸引了越来越多的企业参与进来。可以说绿色经济带动了工程塑料的发展。
 
　　但与此同时，塑料的大规模使用也是增加环境负担的一个重要诱因。于是乎工程塑料现阶段有三个问题需要解决。首先是成本问题，降低工程塑料的成本，增加产量一定程度上也是提升绿色经济的转化率，有利于相关产品的普及；其次是回收难题，避免工程塑料成为环境负担，本末倒置；最后就是工程塑料或者说整个塑料产业的绿色化研发方向。
 
　　尽管目前大多数媒体对于高性能、绿色化工程塑料产品都寄以厚望，但是实事求是的说，背后其实充满了挑战。目前塑料改性化工程面临的一个问题就是如何兼容塑料的稳定性同时使其对环境友好，降解和稳定性之间本身就存在一定的矛盾。普通的塑料面对这种矛盾可以从外界因素入手，例如生物降解，但是工程塑料显然要考虑的情况就更多。不过可以明确的一点是，未来工程塑料生产技术从实际需求来说，是需要趋向环保化、绿色化来实现发展的，因为只有这样才能权衡需求与环境。
 
　　原标题：塑料仍是重要材料 科技发展如何权衡环境

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